Influencing factors of metabolic syndrome in community patients with schizophrenia / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia are at high risk of suffering from metabolic syndrome. Most previous studies on the influencing factors of metabolic syndrome focused on the inpatients and limited ones on patients dwelling in community. ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors at different risk levels of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia in Guangzhou， so as to provide references for future interventions on metabolic syndrome in this patient population. MethodsIn November 2021， 3 339 patients with schizophrenia who were registered in and administered by Guangzhou Mental Health Information System were included. All these patients had finished the physical examination in 2020， and whether they had metabolic syndrome was assessed basing on Guideline for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China （2020 edition）. Patients were divided into high-risk group （n=423）， critical group （n=1 524） and metabolic syndrome group （n=1 392） according to the Chinese expert consensus on the management of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia. Multiple logistic regression analysis were performed on the risk factors of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia. ResultsThe prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia was 41.69%. Univariate analysis showed that the results in gender （χ2=44.610）， age （χ2=55.992）， marriage status （χ2=30.755）， illness course （χ2=25.913） and body mass index （χ2=829.265） were significantly different among the three groups （P<0.01）. Kruskal-Wallis H test showed that the levels of waist circumference （H=920.331）， systolic blood pressure （H=436.673）， diastolic blood pressure （H=393.337）， fasting blood glucose （H=807.304）， triglyceride （H=1 134.125） and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （H=593.615） among the three groups were significantly different （P<0.01）. Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥50 （OR=1.761， 95% CI： 1.087~2.853）， overweight （OR=2.418， 95% CI： 1.862~3.140） and obesity （OR=57.903， 95% CI： 14.340~233.802） were risk factors contributing to high-risk patients becoming critical population （P<0.05 or 0.01）. Female gender （OR=1.295， 95% CI： 1.034~1.622）， aged 40~49 （OR=2.597， 95% CI： 1.582~4.263）， age ≥50 （OR=4.392， 95% CI： 2.609~7.395）， overweight （OR=7.844， 95% CI： 6.018~10.223） and obesity （OR=426.785， 95% CI： 105.724~1 722.839） were risk factors for high-risk patients developing into metabolic syndrome population （P<0.05 or 0.01）. ConclusionThe prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome is higher in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia. Female gender， older age， overweight and obesity would increase the risk of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenic patients. ［Funded by Health Science and Technology Project in Guangzhou （number， 20221A010028）］

Analgesic Effect of Intrathecal 2R， 6R-HNK on Neuropathic Pain in Female Mice / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the analgesic action and mechanism of intrathecal 2R， 6R-hydroxynorketamine （2R， 6R-HNK） on spared nerve injury （SNI）-induced chronic neuropathic pain （CNP） in female mice. MethodsSNI was used to establish acute and chronic CNP models in female mice. The mice were randomly divided into different groups with administration of vehicle， 2R， 6R-HNK or S-ketamine （10 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection/i.p. or 7， 21 μmol/L intrathecal injection/i.t.） at 3 weeks after or 30 min/1 d before operation （n = 3 - 7 mice/group）. The curative or preventive effect of 2R， 6R-HNK was evaluated by mechanical paw withdrawal threshold （PWT） and the analgesic efficiency. Finally， immunofluorescence and RT-PCR of dorsal root ganglion （DRG） and spinal dorsal horn （SDH） were used to explore the possible mechanisms. ResultsCompared with vehicle， intrathecal injection of 2R， 6R-HNK largely reversed SNI-induced bilateral mechanical allodynia in a delayed-and-dose-dependent way. Among them， 21 μmol/L 2R， 6R-HNK reached its maximum analgesic efficiency （75.32±7.69） % at 2 d. Pre-intrathecal delivery of 2R， 6R-HNK also delayed the development of bilateral mechanical hypersensitivity 2 - 3 d induced by SNI. Mechanically， 2R， 6R-HNK reversed not only the abnormal excitability of neurons in bilateral DRG and superficial SDH， but also the upregulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP） and brain-derived nerve growth factor （BDNF） in DRG. ConclusionIntrathecal administration of 2R， 6R-HNK exerts an analgesic effect against CNP， probably via suppressing abnormal neuronal excitability in ascending pain pathway as well as down-regulating CGRP and BDNF expression in DRG neurons.

Sexual Dimorphism in Mechanical Hypersensitivity Induced by Subcutaneous Injection of M-CSF / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate whether there exists gender differences in mechanical pain hypersensitivity induced by the subcutaneous injection of macrophage colony-stimulating factor （M-CSF） in normal mice and to explore the preliminary mechanism. MethodsThirty 10-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups， (n = 10 mice/group, half male and half female). The albumin control group （BSA， 0.3 μg）， low dose M-CSF group （L M-CSF， 0.075 μg） and high dose M-CSF group （H M-CSF， 0.3 μg） received 50 μL BSA or M-CSF injected subcutaneously into the left medial thigh once daily for 3 consecutive days. Before and after drug administration， von-Frey mechanical sensitivity test was used to detect the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold （PWT） in each group. Immunofluorescence was performed to examine the expression changes of Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) in skin， calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP） and phosphorylated ERK1/2 （p-ERK） in L5-L6 DRG and lumbar spinal dorsal horn. ResultsIn female mice， only high dose of M-CSF caused mechanical allodynia， whereas in male mice both doses produced marked allodynia. Mechanically， high-dose M-CSF induced massive aggregation of subcutaneous macrophages （marked by Iba1） in male and female mice， but more dramatic dependence in female mice. Similar gender differences were also found in the increase of p-ERK and CGRP expression in dorsal root ganglion （DRGs）. Notably， CGRP expression was especially elevated in the fibers of DRG in male mice. Correspondingly， the expressions of p-ERK and CGRP+ terminals in the superficial spinal dorsal horn of male mice were significantly higher than those of female mice after M-CSF treatment. ConclusionSubcutaneous injection of M-CSF triggers sexual dimorphism in mechanical pain hypersensitivity, which is related with differential changes in peripheral macrophage expansion and sensitization of the nociceptive pathway.

Elevated Levels of Naturally-Occurring Autoantibodies Against the Extracellular Domain of p75NTR Aggravate the Pathology of Alzheimer's Disease / 神经科学通报·英文版

The extracellular domain (p75ECD) of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) antagonizes Aβ neurotoxicity and promotes Aβ clearance in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The impaired shedding of p75ECD is a key pathological process in AD, but its regulatory mechanism is largely unknown. This study was designed to investigate the presence and alterations of naturally-occurring autoantibodies against p75ECD (p75ECD-NAbs) in AD patients and their effects on AD pathology. We found that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) level of p75ECD-NAbs was increased in AD, and negatively associated with the CSF levels of p75ECD. Transgenic AD mice actively immunized with p75ECD showed a lower level of p75ECD and more severe AD pathology in the brain, as well as worse cognitive functions than the control groups, which were immunized with Re-p75ECD (the reverse sequence of p75ECD) and phosphate-buffered saline, respectively. These findings demonstrate the impact of p75ECD-NAbs on p75NTR/p75ECD imbalance, providing a novel insight into the role of autoimmunity and p75NTR in AD.

Isolation and quantification of a 17-epi-dammarane triterpenoid rhuslactone from roots of Rhus chinensis and its preventive effects on coronary heart disease and thrombosis in zebrafish / 中国中药杂志

Based on mass spectrometry(MS)-guided separation strategy, compound 1 was obtained from the roots of Rhus chinensis. By comprehensive analysis of high resolution-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) data, and quantum chemical calculation of NMR(qcc-NMR) parameters, compound 1 was elucidated as rhuslactone, a 17-epi-dammarane triterpenoid with a rare 17α-side chain. An HPLC-ELSD method for its quantification in R. chinensis was established and adopted for the quantification of rhuslactone in different batches of R. chinensis. Rhuslactone displayed a good linear relationship within the range of 0.021 3-1.07 μmol·mL~(-1 )(r=0.997 6), and the average recovery was 99.34% [relative standard deviation(RSD) 2.9%). Moreover, the results of the evaluation test of the preventive effects of rhusalctone on coronary heart disease(CHD) and thrombosis showed that rhuslactone(0.11 nmol·mL~(-1)) significantly alleviated heart enlargement and venous congestion and increased cardiac output(CO), blood flow velocity(BFV), and heart rate, thereby reducing thrombus formation in zebrafish with CHD. The effects of rhuslactone on CO and BFV were superior to that of digoxin(1.02 nmol·mL~(-1)), and its effect on improving heart rate was comparable to that of digoxin. This study provides experimental references for the isolation, identification, quality control, and application of rhuslactone from R. chinensis against CHD. It is worth mentioning that this study has discussed some omissions in the determination of the stereochemistry of C-17 in dammarane triterpenoids in the present coursebook Chemistry of Chinese Medicine and some research papers, that is, the compound may be 17-epi-dammarane triterpenoid. This paper has also proposed steps for the establishment of C-17 stereochemistry.

Significance of high expression of C5orf46 in gastric cancer and potential intervention of tarditional Chinese medicine based on bioinformatics, molecular docking, and cell experiments / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to investigate the expression, prognosis, and clinical significance of C5orf46 in gastric cancer and to study the interaction between the active components of C5orf46 and tarditional Chinese medicine. The ggplot2 package was utilized for differential expression analysis of C5orf46 in gastric cancer tissues and normal tissues. The survival package was used for survival analysis, univariate regression analysis, and multivariate regression analysis. Nomogram analysis was used to assess the connection between C5orf46 expression in gastric cancer and overall survival. The abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was calculated by GSVA package. Coremine database, Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP) database, and PubChem database were used to search the potential components corresponding to C5orf46 gene and tarditional Chinese medicine. Molecular docking was performed to explore the binding affinity of potential components to C5orf46. Cell experiments were performed to explore the expression of C5orf46 gene in cells of the blank group, model group, and drug administration groups. As compared with normal tissues, C5orf46 expression was higher in gastric cancer tissues, which had more significant predictive effects in the early stages(T2, N0, and M0). The more advanced the tumor node metastasis(TNM) stage, the higher the C5orf46 expression and the lower the probability of survival of patients with gastric cancer. The expression of C5orf46 positively correlated with the helper T cells1 in gastric cancer and the macrophage infiltration level in gastric cancer, and negatively correlated with B cells, central memory T cells, helper T cells 17, and follicular helper T cells. Seven potential components of C5orf46 were obtained, and three active components were obtained after the screening, which matched five tarditional Chinese medicines, namely, Sojae Semen Nigrum, Jujubae Fructus, Trichosanthis Fructus, Silybi Fructus, and Bambusae Concretio Silicea. Molecular docking revealed that sialic acid and adeno-sine monophosphate(AMP) had a good binding ability to C5orf46. The results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and Western blot showed that, as compared with the model group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of C5orf46 were significantly lower in the drug administration groups. The lowest expression level was found at the concentration of 40 μmol·L~(-1). The results of this study provide ideas for the clinical development of traditional Chinese medicine compounds for the treatment of gastric cancer as well as other cancers.

The Legal Correspondence of Sexual Self-Defense Capability Assessment / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To understand the legal application and case deposition of assessment opinions of sexual self-defense capability, and to explore the necessity of legal correspondence in the sexual defense capability assessment.@*METHODS@#According to the self-made questionnaire, the cases of sexual self-defense capability assessment completed by the Academy of Forensic Science from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2018 were statistically analyzed through telephone interviews and referrals.@*RESULTS@#Among the 69 cases, 3 cases (4.3%) had complete sexual self-defense capability, 30 cases (43.5%) had weakened sexual self-defense capability, 32 cases (46.2%) had no sexual self-defense capability, and 4 cases (5.8%) were not suitable for assessment. Among the 30 cases with weakened sexual self-defense ability, 15 cases were filed and investigated by public security authorities for rape and 15 cases were not. The inconsistent rate of disposition was 1∶1. Among the 15 rape cases filed and investigated by the public security authorities, 10 cases were arrested and prosecuted by the procuratorate and sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment by the court, while the other 5 cases were not arrested and prosecuted by the procuratorate, with an inconsistent rate of disposition being 2∶1.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The legal application of the assessment opinion on the weakening of sexual self-defense capability is inconsistent, and the judicial disposition is confusing. It is imperative to unify and correspond the classification of sexual self-defense capability with the legal requirements.

Polysaccharide Krestin Prevents Alzheimer's Disease-type Pathology and Cognitive Deficits by Enhancing Monocyte Amyloid-β Processing / 神经科学通报·英文版

Deficits in the clearance of amyloid β protein (Aβ) by the peripheral system play a critical role in the pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Impaired uptake of Aβ by dysfunctional monocytes is deemed to be one of the major mechanisms underlying deficient peripheral Aβ clearance in AD. In the current study, flow cytometry and biochemical and behavioral techniques were applied to investigate the effects of polysaccharide krestin (PSK) on AD-related pathology in vitro and in vivo. We found that PSK, widely used in therapy for various cancers, has the potential to enhance Aβ uptake and intracellular processing by human monocytes in vitro. After administration of PSK by intraperitoneal injection, APP/PS1 mice performed better in behavioral tests, along with reduced Aβ deposition, neuroinflammation, neuronal loss, and tau hyperphosphorylation. These results suggest that PSK holds promise as a preventive agent for AD by strengthening the Aβ clearance by blood monocytes and alleviating AD-like pathology.

Early experience of robot assisted living donor kidney transplantation / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To explore the safety and early prognosis of robot assisted living donor kidney transplantation(KT)and plot the learning curve of mastering the operation.Methods:From July 2020 to March 2021, 30 cases of living robot assisted KT were completed.The follow-up period was 3 months.Cumulative sum analysis was performed for plotting the learning curve.According to the learning curve, they were divided into two groups of practice period(the first 17 cases)and proficiency period(the last 13 cases). Time of each operative stage and early prognosis were compared.Kidney function and perioperative complications of two groups were compared for evaluating the safety and effectiveness of robot assisted KT.Results:The average operative duration was (221.4±36.1)min.No intestinal obstruction, delayed graft function, urinary leakage and incision infection occurred during perioperative period.The average anal exhaust time was(1.9±0.2)days.During follow-ups, both pulmonary infection(2 cases)and acute rejection(1 case)improved after treatment.According to the learning curve, venous anastomosis(10 cases), arterial anastomosis(12 cases), warm ischemic time(12 cases)and ureteral anastomosis(17 cases)should be performed for reaching a proficiency level.An average of 15 operations was required for achieving proficiency throughout operations.Significant inter-group differences existed in operative duration [(235.5±31.6)vs(203.0±34.3)min, P=0.012] and warm ischemic time [(63.7±24.9)vs(47.0±11.3)min, P=0.033]. At some postoperative timepoints, creatinine of proficiency group was lower than that of practice group, such as Day 7 post-operation [(192.7±135.2)vs(107.8±27.9)μmol/L, P=0.022] and Day 30 post-operation [(147.8±46.3)vs(112.3±28.0)μmol/L, P=0.021]. However, no significant difference existed in estimated glomerular filtration rate at Day 7 post-operation [(56.1±34.1)ml/(min·1.73m 2)vs(72.0±18.5)ml/(min·1.73m 2), P=0.14] and Day 30 post-operation [(56.2±18.9)ml/(min·1.73m 2)vs(68.7±15.3)ml/(min·1.73m 2), P=0.14]. Conclusions:Robot assisted KT is both safe and feasible.And the learning curve requires 17 cases for reaching a proficiency level.

Analysis of Animal Models of Hyperthyroidism Based on Characteristics of Clinical Symptoms of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Hyperthyroidism is a systemic disease characterized by clinical signs and symptoms of hypermetabolism and sympathetic nervous excitement. Based on the clinical diagnostic criteria of traditional Chinese and western medicine for hyperthyroidism，the present study summarized and evaluated animal models of hyperthyroidism. In model evaluation，the models with high coincidence degree in western medicine included the exogenous drug delivery model， the model immune to adenovirus expressing thyrotropin receptor （TSHR），the model immune to nucleic acid， and the model of yin deficiency and effulgent fire syndrome in the disease-syndrome combination. The models with high coincidence degrees in traditional Chinese medicine included the exogenous drug delivery model， the model immune to adenovirus expressing TSHR，and the model of liver-yang ascendant hyperactivity syndrome and the model of yin deficiency and effulgent fire syndrome in the disease-syndrome combination. In light of the coincidence degree， and advantages and disadvantages of traditional Chinese and western medicine，the ideal hyperthyroidism animal models are the exogenous drug delivery model， and the model immune to adenovirus expressing TSHR. In addition to the evaluation of the coincidence degree of animal models of hyperthyroidism in traditional Chinese and western medicine，this study also analyzed the advantages，disadvantages， and problems of the animal models of hyperthyroidism. Most of the animal models of hyperthyroidism were not consistent with the complexity of hyperthyroidism in clinical practice， and standardized and unified syndrome differentiation standards and four-examination information collection standards have not yet been formed. Besides， there have been few studies on the hyperthyroidism model in disease-syndrome combination in traditional Chinese medicine. To make the animal models of hyperthyroidism suitable for clinical practice，the present study proposed the improvement directions of animal models of hyperthyroidism and the necessity of promoting the evaluation system to provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of the curative effect of Chinese medicine on hyperthyroidism， and exploration of its pharmacological action， as well as the follow-up research on the pathogenesis，prevention， and treatment of hyperthyroidism，which is expected to establish a perfect disease-syndrome model of hyperthyroidism in line with clinical characteristics of traditional Chinese and western medicine.

Effect of Huazhuo Jiedu Huoxue Tongluo Prescription on Brain-gut Axis of Rats with Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury Based on 16S rRNA Sequencing of Intestinal Flora / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Huazhuo Jiedu Huoxue Tongluo （HJHT） prescription on the intestinal flora in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury， and to explore the mechanism of Chinese medicinal prescription regulating intestinal flora to restore the balance of brain-gut axis. MethodFifty male SPF SD rats were randomly assigned into sham group， model group， high-dose HJHT group （25.0 g·kg-1）， medium-dose HJHT group （12.5 g·kg-1）， and low-dose HJHT group （6.25 g·kg-1）， with 10 rats in each group. The rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery infarction was established according to Longa method and previous research experience， and reperfusion was performed 2 h after ischemia. The recovery of neurological function deficit and the percentage of cerebral infarction area were detected 72 h after administration. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the mRNA levels of Occludin and zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1） in rat colon. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was conducted to reveal the intestinal damage. The feces of 6 rats in each group were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing. The expression of Treg and Th17 in intestinal tissue， peripheral blood， and brain tissue were detected. ResultCompared with the sham group， the model group showed obvious neurological deficit （P<0.05） and large cerebral infarction area （P<0.05）. High-dose and medium-doses HJHT alleviated the symptoms of neurological impairment （P<0.05） and reduce the cerebral infarction area （P<0.05） compared with the model group. Compared with the sham group， the model group showed destroyed structure of colonic mucosa and incomplete epithelial cells and goblet cells， while high-dose and medium-doses HJHT alleviated such changes. The mRNA levels of Occludin and ZO-1 in the model group were lower than those in the sham group （P<0.05），and the high-dose HJHT groups were higher than the model group （P<0.05）. The intestinal flora structure was significantly different between the model group and the sham group while similar between the high-dose HJHT group and sham group. Compared with the sham group， the model group showed down-regulated expression of Treg and up-regulated expression of Th17 in the intestinal tissue， peripheral blood， and brain tissue， and high-dose and medium-dose HJHT alleviated the changes in the expression of Treg and Th17 in the model group （P<0.05）. ConclusionHuazhuo Jiedu Huoxue Tongluo prescription may improve the permeability of intestinal wall by adjusting the abundance and diversity of intestinal microorganisms to reduce the migration of intestinal Th17 cells toward the ischemic lateral brain tissue， mitigate the inflammatory response， and thus alleviate the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Changes in the structure of intestinal mucosal flora in colorectal cancer patients / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the changes in bacterial flora in fecal samples, at the tumor loci and in adjacent mucosa in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).@*METHODS@#We collected fecal samples from 13 patients with CRC and 20 healthy individuals and tumor and adjacent mucosa samples from 6 CRC patients. The differences in bacterial composition between the fecal and mucosa samples were analyzed with 16S rDNA sequencing and bioinformatics methods. We also detected the total number of bacteria in the feces using flow cytometry, isolated and identified the microorganisms in the fecal and mucosa samples using common bacterial culture media. We further tested the effects of 7 isolated bacterial strains on apoptosis of 3 CRC cell lines using lactate dehydrogenase detection kit.@*RESULTS@#The bacterial α-diversity in the feces of healthy individuals and in adjacent mucosa of CRC patients was significantly higher than that in the feces and tumor mucosa in CRC patients (P < 0.05). Lactobacillaceae is a specific bacteria in the feces, while Escherichia, Enterococcus, and Fusobacterium are specific bacteria in tumor mucosa of CRC patients as compared with healthy individuals. Cell experiment with3 CRC cell lines showed that Bacteroides fragilis isolated from the tumor mucosa of CRC patients produced significant inhibitory effects on cell proliferation (P < 0.0001), while the isolated strain Fusobacterium nucleatum obviously promoted the proliferation of the cell lines (P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#The bacterial flora in the feces, tumor mucosa and adjacent mucosa of CRC patients is significantly different from that in the feces of healthy individuals, and the fecal flora of CRC patients can not represent the specific flora of the tumor mucosa. Inhibition of F. nucleatum colonization in the tumor mucosa and promoting B. fragilis colonization may prove beneficial for CRC treatment.

Clinical characteristics of IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy in children / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinical features of IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in children aged 0-5 years. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected the data on children diagnosed with CMPA in the Department of Allergy at the Children's Hospital of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics from October 2019 to November 2020 and improved peripheral blood routine,total IgE defection, milk specific IgE (sIgE) defection,SPT and milk component defection,diagnosis of severe anaphylaxis based on clinical manifestations. Rank-sum test and chi-square test are used for statistical analysis of clinical characteristics between groups. Results: A total of 106 children (67 boys and 39 girls) were enrolled with the age of 15 (8, 34) months, including 42 cases (≤ 1 year of age), 39 cases (>1-<3 years of age) and 25 cases(≥3 years of age), the onset age of 6 (5, 8) months. Among them, 95 cases (89.6%) were reacted after consuming milk or its products, 42 cases (39.6%) had reaction due to skin contact and 11 cases (10.4%) reacted after exclusive breastfeeding. The onset time of milk product consumption was 45 (1, 120) min, skin contact pathway was 10 (5, 30) min and symptoms in breastfeeding pathway was 121 (61, 180) min. There was statistical difference among the time of symptoms (χ2=77.01, P<0.001).The cutaneous reaction was most common (100 cases, 94.3%), followed by digestive (20 cases, 18.9%) and respiratory (16 cases, 15.1%), and the nervous symptoms (1 case, 0.9%) were uncommon and 24 cases (22.6%) had at least one episode of anaphylaxis. There were 87 cases (82.1%) also diagnosed with other food allergies, 94 cases (88.7%) with previous eczema, 57 cases (53.8%) with history of rhinitis, and 23 cases (21.7%) with history of wheezing. The total IgE level was 191.01 (64.71, 506.80) kU/L, and the cow's milk sIgE level was 3.03 (1.11, 15.24) kU/L. The maximum diameter of the wheal in SPT was 8.2 (4.0, 12.0) mm. Component resolved diagnosis showed that 77 cases (81.9%) were sensitized to at least one out of 4 main components, including casein, α lactalbumin, β lactoglobulin and bovine serum albumin.The possibility of anaphylaxis in children with milk sIgE grade Ⅳ-Ⅵ was higher than that in children with grade 0-Ⅲ (57.7% (15/26) vs. 12.5% (10/80), OR=9.545, 95%CI 3.435-26.523). Children with milk SPT ≥+++ had a higher probability of anaphylaxis than those with milk SPT ≤++ (34.4% (11/32) vs. 11.5% (3/26), OR=4.016, 95%CI 0.983-16.400). Anaphylaxis were more common in α lactalbumin positive children than in negative children (34.3% (13/38) vs. 14.2% (8/56), χ2=1.23，P=0.042). Conclusions: CMPA in children has early onset and diversified clinical manifestations, which are mainly cutaneous symptoms. Most children are sensitized to at least one allergen component. Serum sIgE level, SPT reaction and allergen components play important roles in the diagnosis and evaluation of CMPA, and higher milk sIgE level may predict a higher risk of anaphylaxis.

Network Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicines in treatment of ankylosing spondylitis / 中国中药杂志

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis(AS) by frequency network Meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of Chinese patent medicines for AS were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, EMbase and Cochrane Library databases from the time of database establishment to January 2021. The quality of the included RCTs was evaluated according to the Cochrane bias risk standard, and the data was analyzed by RevMan 5.3 and Stata/MP 15.1. A total of 12 kinds of Chinese patent medicines in 55 RCTs were included. According to Meta-analysis, in term of the effectiveness, the top three optimal medication regimens were Biqi Capsules, Yishen Juanbi Pills and Yaobitong Capsules combined with western medicine. The top three interventions to reduce the erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)were Yishen Juanbi Pills, Xianling Gubao Capsules and Fufang Xuanju Capsules combined with western medicine. The top three interventions to reduce the C-reactive protein(CRP)were Biqi Capsules, Xianling Gubao Capsules and Fufang Xuanju Capsules combined with western medicine. In terms of the safety, top three optimal medication regimens were Total Glucosides of Paeony Capsules, Yishen Juanbi Pills, and Wangbi Tablets combined with western medicine. This network Meta-analysis suggests that Chinese patent medicines combined with conventional western medicine can effectively improve the joint pain symptoms of AS patients and reduce the acute inflammatory indicators, with high safety. However, the literature included in this study is generally of low methodological quality, and the conclusion needs to be verified by high-quality research.

The effect of storage temperature and application temperature on the properties of adhesives and resin composites / 口腔疾病防治

@#The properties of adhesives and light-cured resin composites are closely related to the repair of dental defects. Therefore, improving the properties of adhesives and resins composite to increase the success rate of filling has been the focus of research in the field of prosthodontics in recent years. Current studies have confirmed that temperature can change the properties of adhesives and light-cured resin composites, affecting their repair effect. A proper storage temperature ensures the good performance of materials: the self-etching adhesive system should be refrigerated, and the light-cured resin composite should be refrigerated or stored at room temperature according to its composition, proportion and other properties; however, the appropriate storage temperature for the etch-and-rinse adhesive system is not clear. The appropriate application temperature could improve the fluidity, monomer conversion, bonding strength, compressive strength and other properties of the materials to improve the quality of filling restoration. However, there is a wide variety of adhesives and resin composites, and the effect of temperature on each material is different. Thus, it is still necessary to explore the temperature range for material storage, precooling and preheating. Few studies have been performed in vivo, and the clinical restorative effects of adhesives and resin composites stored and used at different temperatures need to be further studied.

Analytical methodologies for sensing catechol-O-methyltransferase activity and their applications / 药物分析学报

Mammalian catechol-O-methyltransferases(COMT)are an important class of conjugative enzymes,which play a key role in the metabolism and inactivation of catechol neurotransmitters,catechol es-trogens and a wide range of endobiotics and xenobiotics that bear the catechol group.Currently,COMT inhibitors are used in combination with levodopa for the treatment of Parkinson's disease in clinical practice.The crucial role of COMT in human health has raised great interest in the development of more practical assays for highly selective and sensitive detection of COMT activity in real samples,as well as for rapid screening and characterization of COMT inhibitors as drug candidates.This review summarizes recent advances in analytical methodologies for sensing COMT activity and their applications.Several lists of biochemical assays for measuring COMT activity,including the probe substrates,along with their analytical conditions and kinetic parameters,are presented.Finally,the challenges and future perspec-tives in the field,such as visualization of COMT activity in vivo and in situ,are highlighted.Collectively,this review article overviews the practical assays for measuring COMT activities in complex biological samples,which will strongly facilitate the investigations on the relevance of COMT to human diseases and promote the discovery of COMT inhibitors via high-throughput screening.

Therapeutic Effect of Imatinib Made in Real World to Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of domestic imatinib (made in China) in patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia chronic phase(CML-CP).@*METHODS@#Fifty-seven newly diagnosed CML-CP patients who did not receive any other anti-CML treatment were treated by domestic imatinib 400 mg once a day. The hematological, cytogenetic and molecular reactions and safety were observed and evaluated after 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment.@*RESULTS@#Fifty-six patients were treated for ≥3 and 6 months, among which 50 patients were treated for ≥12 months. After 3 months of treatment, 49 patients underwent hematological examination, 47 patients (95.9%) achieved complete hematological response (CHR), 49 patients underwent cytogenetic examination, 39 patients (79.6%) achieved major cytogenetic response (MCyR), and 12 patients (24.5%) achieved complete cytogenetic response (CCyR). 49 patients underwent the level of BCR-ABL test, including 41 patients (83.7%) with BCR-ABL@*CONCLUSION@#In the real world, Domestics imatinib mesylate is effective and safe in the treatment of newly diagnosed CML-CP patients, but long-term follow-up data are still necessary to verify its long-term efficacy.

Quality evaluation of Aralia taibaiensis based on spectrum-activity relationship / 中国中药杂志

A spectrum-activity relationship is established with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) fingerprints and the in vitro antioxidant activity to improve the quality evaluation system of Aralia taibaiensis. The HPLC profiles of 12 batches of samples were collected, and the similarity evaluation, heat map analysis and principal component analysis were conducted for the chemometric study of the fingerprint data. Combined with grey correlation analysis, the contributions of the common peaks in the fingerprints to the antioxidant activity were clarified, and the important peaks reflecting the efficacy were identified. The results showed that 17 common peaks were found in 12 batches of A. taibaiensis samples, and 6 of them were identified as saponins. Similarity evaluation, heat map analysis and principal component analysis roughly classified the A. taibaiensis herbs into two categories, i.e.,(1) S1-S10, S12 and(2) S11. Twelve batches of samples showed different antioxidant activities in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, S9 had the strongest antioxidant activity, while S11 was the weakest in antioxidant capacity, which was basically consistent with the overall score results. The results of grey correlation analysis demonstrated that the 17 common peaks scavenged DPPH radicals in the following order: X_3>X_(17)>X_4>X_8>X_7>X_(13)>X_2>X_6>X_(11)>X_(10)>X_(16)>X_(12)>X_9>X_5>X_(14)>X_1>X_(15), and scavenged ABTS radicals in the order of X_4>X_3>X_7>X_8>X_2>X_(17)>X_(13)>X_6>X_(16)>X_(11)>X_5>X_(12)>X_(10)>X_9>X_(14)>X_1>X_(15). Among them, X_3, X_4, X_7(araloside C), X_8 and X_(17) were the important peaks reflecting the efficacy of A. taibaiensis, which were basically consistent with those contained in the principal component 1. In this study, the correlation between the HPLC fingerprints of 12 batches of A. taibaiensis and its antioxidant activity provides a reference for the Q-marker screening and quality control of A. taibaiensis.

Puerarin-Chuanxiong oil submicron emulsion combining medicine and adjuvant / 中国中药杂志

This study was mainly based on the compatibility of Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma to prepare submicron emulsion and evaluated its physical and pharmaceutical properties. Firstly, pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were drawn by dripping method which took Chuanxiong oil as the oil phase and the area of microemulsion region as the index. On this basis, suitable emulsifier and co-emulsifier were screened for the preparation of Chuanxiong oil submicron emulsion. Then, the formula realizing the largest oil loading was selected. Finally, puerarin substituted part of emulsifier and co-emulsifier to lower their content, so as to form puerarin-Chuanxiong oil submicron emulsion featuring the combination of medicine and adjuvant. Its particle size, zeta potential, centrifugal stability and storage stability were determined, and the in vitro drug release behavior was investigated by dialysis bag method, based on which the quality of the as-prepared submicron emulsion was evaluated comprehensively. The proposed method was proved feasible for the preparation of Chuanxiong oil submicron emulsion, which adopted polyoxyethylene castor oil(EL-40) as the emulsifier and was free from co-emulsifier. The formula of the maximum oil loading was found as Chuanxiong oil∶EL-40∶water 3∶7∶90. Further, puera-rin successfully replaced up to 10% of the emulsifier in submicron emulsion. Eventually, the optimal drug-loading formula was determined as puerarin∶Chuanxiong oil∶EL-40∶water 7∶30∶63∶900. The quality evaluation results of the as-prepared submicron emulsion demonstrated that the average emulsion droplet size was 333.9 nm, the PDI 0.26, and the zeta potential-10.12 mV. The submicron emulsion had a good centrifugal stability and did not present any instable phenomena such as delamination and precipitation during its standing still for 50 days. The evaluation of in vitro drug release behavior indicated that the submicron emulsion was capable of releasing the drug completely. The puerarin-chuanxiong oil submicron emulsion prepared in this study possessed a stable quality and to some extent increased the solubility of puerarin along with a sustained-release effect. This study provided ideas for the clinical application of puerarin.

Clinical observation on wheat grain moxibustion for chronic superficial gastritis of spleen-stomach deficiency and cold / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical effect of wheat grain moxibustion and warming acupuncture on chronic superficial gastritis of spleen-stomach deficiency and cold.@*METHODS@#A total of 200 patients with chronic superficial gastritis of spleen-stomach deficiency and cold were randomly divided into a wheat grain moxibustion group (100 cases, 13 cases dropped off ) and a warming acupuncture group (100 cases, 16 cases dropped off ). The acupoints of Zhongwan (CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25), Qihai (CV 6), Liangqiu (ST 34) and Zusanli (ST 36) were selected in both groups. The patients in the wheat grain moxibustion group were treated with wheat grain moxibustion, and 5 cone were given on every acupoint each time. Moxibustion was performed after acupuncture in the warming acupuncture group, and 3 cone each acupoint. Both groups were treated every other day for 15 times. The scores of clinical symptoms and signs, scores of physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) of quality of life in the two groups were recorded before and after treatment and during follow-up 1 month after treatment, and the clinical effects of the two groups were evaluated after treatment and during follow-up.@*RESULTS@#After treatment and during follow-up, the scores of clinical symptoms and signs of the two groups were lower than before treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#The wheat grain moxibustion can effectively improve the clinical symptoms, signs and quality of life in patients with chronic superficial gastritis of spleen-stomach deficiency and cold, and its long-term effect is better than warming acupuncture.